Kelli White was prescribed modanifil by Dr Brian Goldman, a psychiatrist who worked with Mr Conte for 20 years. Balco also supplied iron supplements containing nandrolone taken by the American shot putter C J Hunter - former husband of Marion Jones ­ that led to his ban from the Sydney Olympics.. One band he played for in the 1970s was called Pure Food and Drug Act, a name that bizarrely foreshadowed his current predicament.He has been in the sports nutrition business for more than 20 years, staking his reputation largely on a zinc magnesium supplement called ZMA, which he says has earned $100m (£60m) around the world in the past four years. Tax authority sources and medical experts cited by the US papers have cast doubt on both the profitability and miracle-working powers of ZMA, suspecting its promotion to be a front for illicit substances such as THG.

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Mr Conte's lawyers have defended their client's integrity, saying: "Mr Conte is a scientist and businessman who has dedicated his life to helping others, including high-profile athletes."But he and Balco have been implicated in two other cases. He challenged the authorities to prove THG was a performance-enhancing drug, and noted that many modified steroids proved to be useless in practice. He neither confirmed nor denied that his athletes had taken THG, but pointed out that names had been released far sooner than was normal under standard drug-testing procedure. Chambers and the other athletes who tested positive are awaiting the results of second "B" test, after which they can appeal against the findings.

Even if found culpable, no athlete is likely to receive formal punishment for several more months.Graham Shear, Chambers' solicitor, said last night: "My client wants to clarify that he will not accept nor tolerate any accusations or implications that this was a wilful or calculated attempt on his behalf to deceive the authorities. In his eight years in international athletics he has never been tempted to succumb to illegal methods of enhancing a performance." A spokesman for Chambers' club, Belgrave Harriers, said it would be "a tragic development'' in the athlete's career if it was proved he had tested positive for a banned substance. He added: "We are immensely proud to have athletes like Dwain Chambers in our club. However, Belgrave Harriers has never and will never condone the use of performance-enhancing drugs by athletes under any circumstances.'' Mr Conte is a colourful figure in athletics, a former professional bass player who once jammed with Herbie Hancock and was in the group Tower of Power.